Janssen and Barber (2012) reported two studies on the production of complex noun phrases (Spanish and French noun-adjective and noun-noun phrases). They found that production latencies depended only on the frequencies of the phrases, but not on the frequencies of the individual words. This pattern may be seen as evidence for lexical storage of phrases and against the traditional “words & rules” view of the representation of linguistic knowledge. We will discuss a series of experiments on the production of Dutch adjective-noun phrases. We replicated the phrase frequency effect seen by Janssen and Barber, but also found a robust effect of the frequency of the first word of the phrase. We argue that the phrase frequency effect arises during the conceptual preparation of the utterance and that the results are consistent with the view that phrases are composed by combining individual words, in line with the “words & rules” view.