Learning hierarchical centre-embedding structures: Influence of distributional properties of the Input

Chen, Y., Ferrari, A., Hagoort, P., Bocanegra, B., & Poletiek, F. H. (2023). Learning hierarchical centre-embedding structures: Influence of distributional properties of the Input. Poster presented at the 19th NVP Winter Conference on Brain and Cognition, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands.
Nearly all human languages have grammars with complex recursive structures. These structures pose notable learning challenges. Two distributional properties of the input may facilitate learning: the presence of semantic biases (e.g. p(barks|dog) > p(talks|dog)) and the Zipf-distribution, with short sentences being extremely more frequent than longer ones. This project tested the effect of these sources of information on statistical learning of a hierarchical center-embedding grammar, using an artificial grammar learning paradigm. Semantic biases were represented by variations in transitional probabilities between words, with a biased input (p(barks|dog) > p(talks|dog)) compared to a non-biased input (p(barks|dog) = p(talks|dog)). The Zipf distribution was compared to a flat distribution, with sentences of different lengths occurring equally often. In a 2×2 factorial design, we tested for effects of biased transitional probabilities (biased/non-biased) and the distribution of sequences with varying length (Zipf distribution/flat distribution) on implicit learning and explicit ratings of grammaticality. Preliminary results show that a Zipf-shaped and semantically biased input facilitates grammar learnability. Thus, this project contributes to understanding how we learn complex structures with long-distance dependencies: learning may be sensitive to the specific distributional properties of the linguistic input, mirroring meaningful aspects of the world and favoring short utterances.
Publication type
Poster
Publication date
2023

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